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Apex PetroConsultants, LLC

Butadiene Basics

5/14/2022

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Butadiene (CH2=CH-CH=CH2) is
  • The largest single use of butadiene is in the production of synthetic rubber (Styrene Butadiene Rubber or SBR and Polybutadiene Rubber or PBR). Non-rubber uses include hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) for nylon 6, 6 manufacture, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) resins, and Styrene-Butadiene (SB) Copolymer latexes
  • End products such as tires, carpet backing, hoses, footwear, wetsuits, etc.
  • Colorless gas, mildly aromatic
  • A very reactive intermediate and, therefore, is involved in many chemical reactions
    • Polymerization for the production of polybutadiene and copolymers (like styrene and/or acrylonitrile)
    • Adiponitrile through hydrocyanation
    • Dimerization and trimerization through Diels-Alder reactions for the synthesis of cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes
  • Potential carcinogen, flammable and irritative
  • Butadiene industry originated leading up to the Second World War to reduce dependence on natural rubber
Butadiene manufacturing
  • By-product of the thermal cracking process for ethylene production and is extracted from the mixed C4s cut
  • On-purpose butadiene production via butane or butenes through non-oxidative dehydrogenation
  • Oxidative dehydrogenation of butenes, limited industrial applications
  • Was produced from ethanol in smaller quantities using catalysts, no longer used industrially
  • Butanes/buttons non-oxidative dehydrogenation process
    • Reactor section – adiabatic fixed bed multi-reactor system at vacuum conditions, cyclic operation with catalysts regeneration
      • Once through conversion of butanes/butenes is claimed to be high under the selected operating conditions
      • Palladium-alumina based
    • Recovery Section
      • Including reactor effluent compressor, butadiene separation from lights, paraffin, and mono-olefins
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    Author

    Sanjeev Kapur is Principal Consultant at Apex PetroConsultants. He focuses on consulting/advising olefins based petrochemical businesses. He is a leading expert in petrochemicals and integration.

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